The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

A few days ago, I finished reading Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

Even though it was well written and the plot was captivating, I had a hard time reading The Jungle. You just felt so sad for all the characters; Jurgis & Ona Rudkus; Marija Berczynskas & Tamoszius Kuszleika; Teta Elzbieta; Dede Antanas; and all the little children.

The graphic descriptions of the inhumane working conditions, of the disgusting meatpacking industry, of the problems of non-English speaking immigrants, it just made me want to stop reading.

I can see how this book outraged the public when it was published in 1906 and led to the passage of pure food laws.

Even with the pure food laws, it is clear from reading Michael Pollan's The Omnivore’s Dilemma that we still don't know what goes into our food. We think "free-range" is a clear enough term but most of us don't what it really means. We can read the ingredients of a product, but how many of us know that citric acid, lactic acid, glucose, fructose, malodextrin, ethanol, sorbitol, manitol, xanthan gum, dextrins, and monosodium glutamate (among many other common ingredients) are corn-processed additives!

Even though it did not succeed in converting Americans to socialism, Upton Sinclair's The Jungle continues to ring true today. Can you imagine the public outrage and the call for change that would happen if we all knew the truth of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO)?

I am eager to read Steven Greenhouse's The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American Worker (a non-fiction book about the problems facing American workers -- click here to view all my posts about this book), to learn about the problems facing the modern poor and the middle class alike.

Economist - Running dry

I'm a little behind on my subscription to the Economist.

Okay, I'm a lot behind.

Months behind.

But I'm going to catch up, starting with the August 23, 2008 issue. From this issue, I just finished the Business section including "Running dry."

As I've mentioned before, I've been seriously concerned about the world's water supply since 2003 when I read Blue Gold: The Fight to Stop the Corporate Theft of the World’s Water by Maude Barlow and Tony Clarke. And having grown up on an island, water conservation and water rights have always been important to me.

My interest has been slowly increasing over the years and it seems like the issue of water is becoming a hotter and hotter subject with each month.

This article just reminded me that I've got to make it a priority to read Marc Reisner’s Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (click here to read my posts related to this book) and Ken Midkiff's Not a Drop to Drink: America’s Water Crisis (and What You Can Do).

I hope the situation does not get as desperate as some experts foresee.

Got to run to the library!

Working Longer: The Solution to the Retirement Income Challenge by Alicia H. Munnell and Steven A. Sass

I just read a review of Working Longer: The Solution to the Retirement Income Challenge by Alicia H. Munnell and Steven A. Sass -- "Who Wants to Retire Later? (Don’t Laugh)" by Harry Hurt III published in the New York Times on July 20, 2008.

These two highly qualified individuals -- Sass is associate director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College and Munnell is director of the Center for Retirement Research, the Peter F. Drucker Professor of Management Sciences at Boston College’s Carroll School of Management, and a former member of the president’s Council of Economic Advisers under President Clinton -- estimate that people who retire at age 65 today can expect Social Security to provide the equivalent of only 39 percent of their incomes after deductions for basic Medicare contributions while those who plan to retire later can expect declining net benefits.

Clearly, Social Security will not be available for people in my generation and it will be interesting to see how our parents generation copes with retirement or lack of retirement.

Click here to view the table of contents or click here to read an excerpt -- both courtesy of Brookings Institute Press (the publisher).

NYTimes.com - Bottlemania by Elizabeth Royte

Yesterday I read Michiko Kakutani's "Distilled From Water, Designer or Tap: High Anxiety," yet another New York Times review of Bottlemania (this one published July 18, 2008) -- last month I read and wrote about Lisa Margonelli’s “Tapped Out,” a review of Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It (by Elizabeth Royte) published June 15, 2008 in the New York Times.

It's interesting to compare these two review published by the same newspaper.

Whereas Margonelli's review focuses on the role of marketing in American's newfound love for bottled water, Kakutani's review concentrates on overall water quality and water rights in both the United States and abroad.

Either way, having read Kakutani's review I'm more likely to pick up a copy of Bottlemania.

The Political Mind by George Lakoff

Just read William Saletan's "Neuro-Liberalism" published June 22, 2008 in the New York Times Sunday Book Review, a review of The Political Mind: Why You Can’t Understand 21st-Century Politics With an 18th-Century Brain by George Lakoff.

George Lakoff is Richard and Rhoda Goldman Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Science and Linguistics at the University of California at Berkeley and Senior Fellow at the Rockridge Institute, a think tank in Berkeley, and The Political Mind sounds like a guide for progressive politicians.

As Lakoff explains:

American values are fundamentally progressive, centered on equality, human rights, social responsibility, and the inclusion of all. Yet progressives have, without knowing why, given conservatives an enormous advantage in the culture war. The radical conservatives seek and have already begun to introduce: an authoritarian hierarchy based on vast concentrations and control of wealth; order based on fear, intimidation, and obedience; a broken government; no balance of power; priorities shifted from the public sector to the corporate and military sectors; responsibility shifted from society to the individual; control of elections through control of who votes and how the votes are counted; control of ideas through the media; and patriarchal family values projected upon religion, politics, and the market.

Lakoff's suggestions for progressives, according to Saletan, are also interesting:

What should progressives say? That conservatism is “fundamentally antidemocratic.” It “tells us to save your own skin and not to care about your neighbor,” so “conservatives don’t pay that much attention to injured veterans.”

I don't know how much I buy into all of this but I'm certainly curious to hear more about Lakoff's theories!

Free Lunch by David Cay Johnston

I stayed up late last night to finish reading David Cay Johnston's eye-opening Free Lunch: How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense (and Stick You with the Bill) (click here to read my other entries on this book).

I've never considered myself a populist but reading this book made me feel outraged at the rising income inequality in our country and the government's role in increasing this tragedy.

In Chapter 26, Not Since Hoover, Johnston expands on the income inequality data that was first discussed in Chapter 2, Mr. Reagan’s Question, and finally answers my question about whether those numbers quoted are for individuals or families. The answer, "A single person and a family are each counted as one unit. For simplicity we will treat each unit as having an equal share of the population."

Having grown up in the 80s, I remember my parent's admiration for President Reagan and his tax cuts. I didn't know until now that the top income tax rate was 70% before Reagan's presidency (today the top tax rate is just 35% and people balk at that).

Shockingly, Johnston's data shows that for the top 400 "very-highest-income taxpayers" (about 1,200 people), "Under Clinton, their effective tax rate fell by almost eight cents on the dollar; under Bush, it fell only five." And people always say that it's just Republicans who give tax cuts!

And about those 400 "very-highest-income taxpayers," in 2000 each one had an income of at least $88 million with an average of almost $174 million each.

What I really liked was Johnston's call to action. His proposal to extend the franking privilege (allowing every Congressman to send out all the mail they want for free) to expenses is not one I'd heard before. But it seems like a viable solution to cutting out the influence of lobbyists. Johnston's proposal is this:

Let each member of Congress spend however much he or she deems necessary to do his or her job. . . .

This would come at a price: No more free trips, no more free meals, and no more gifts. Senator, if you need to inspect the cleanliness of the sink behind the bar at a resort in Tahiti, go right ahead, just give us the receipts with an explanation of the costs. We will collect the receipts from every elected representative monthly and post it all on the Internet in a format that makes for easy analysis.

Every dollar, and every meeting, must be disclosed. And we will pay for it all, subject only to the usual penalties for embezzling, the punishments accorded by the full House or Senate because of their exclusive right to judge the fitness of members, or the decision by voters to oust a spendthrift.

. . .

Let us also pay the real cost of maintaining two households, one back home and one in Washington, as well as going back and forth as often as the lawmaker chooses. Sure the Congresswoman from Hawaii will spend more on travel than the one from Northern Virginia, but people are smart enough to figure that out.

. . .

Reform begins with you.

I can't say that I'll go out and get involved in politics. But I'm glad to have read this book and learned about some of the ways that the rich are getting richer with the government's help at the expense of the average American.

If you want to hear more, click here to visit NPR and listen to Johnston speak about Free Lunch.



I'm looking forward to reading Johnston's Perfectly Legal: The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich - and Cheat Everybody Else!

I hate tax time not because I don't want to pay taxes but simply because it seems so confusing.

I certainly believe Johnston's premise that the "Super Rich" benefit from such a complicated tax system and I'm curious to read Johnston's proposal to fix the broken tax system.

And I may just have to track down a copy of Johnston's Temples of Chance: How America Inc. Bought Out Murder Inc. to Win Control of the Casino Business, a New Jersey casino industry expose (published in 1992).

Free Lunch by David Cay Johnston - Student Loans

I've been reading Free Lunch: How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense (and Stick You with the Bill) by David Cay Johnston (click here to read my other entry on this book) and just got through Chapter 14, Indentured Scholars

.Reading this chapter made me feel very thankful that I do not have student loans. Johnston tells readers that about two-thirds of college students who graduate are in debt, and many owe more than their parents make in one or even several years!

Did you know that students borrow about $85 billion each year with repayment guaranteed by the federal government? Even if you go bankrupt, federal law prohibits clearing student loans!

In 2003, I was fortunate to hear Noam Chomsky give a talk at MIT. I don't recall the topic of his speech, but I clearly remember his argument that the purpose of student loans is to make young adults functional members of society. It does this by saddling students with debt that requires them to earn a decent salary, thus preventing them from protesting or other activities that students in the 1960s and 1970s did instead of working.

While Johnston doesn't explicitly state this conspiracy theory as Chomsky did back in 2003, he is equally harsh in his criticisms of the student loan industry (which has come under fire recently for kickbacks paid to universities).

Personally, I think the whole college / university system has gone mad. In recent years, tuition has skyrocketed at most colleges and admission rates have plummeted. Parents are grooming their kids at ever younger ages to get them into the "right" college.

It all seems crazy to me.

Free Lunch: How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense (and Stick You with the Bill) by David Cay Johnston

I've just started reading Free Lunch: How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense (and Stick You with the Bill) by David Cay Johnston (click here to read Jonathan Chait's New York Times review of this book titled "Other People's Money" and published in February 2008).

Johnston is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist for the New York Times whose best seller Perfectly Legal won the 2004 Investigative Book of the Year award (I've checked that out of the library as well but haven't started it yet).

Free Lunch is really a fascinating book!

I didn't know that the average income of the bottom 90% of Americans (what Johnston calls the "vast manjority") was just $29,000 in 2005 (down from $33,000 in 1973). To be in the top 10% of Americans in 2005, you only had to make $100,000 per year and to be in the top 0.1% just $1.7 million per year. Johnston wrote about this and more about income inequality in Chapter 2, Mr. Reagan's Question, named for Ronald Reagan's famous campaign question from nearly 30 years ago "Are you better off now than you were four years ago?" [Corrected May 27, 2008.]

I'm in the middle of Chapter 9, Goin' Fishin, which describes the subsidies that Cabelas, Bass Pro Shops, Wal-Mart and other large national chains receive from local governments. I'd heard much about the sins of Wal-Mart and reading this book finally made those comments hit home.

Most distressing was Chapter 3, Trust and Consequences, in which I learned that Amtrak -- while government owned -- uses privately owned tracks and has signed contracts to be financially responsible for all claims arising from Amtrak passengers, even if CSX or other parties are at fault for negligence. Since Amtrak is owned by the government, that results in taxpayers paying for all such claims even if a private company is at fault.

I will write more when I finish this shocking book!

Click here to view the table of contents and read a few excerpts from the author's website for this book.